Smog Pollution Control Of Los Angeles Essay - 1447 Words

It is well known that for decades the city of Los Angeles has had some of the worst air pollution in the country. There would be days where the smog would be so thick that people were forced to stay indoors due to the health risks. In the late 1940’s Los Angeles established the Air Pollution Control District. It was the first in the nation. Since then there have been stricter regulations and laws passed to help reduce Los Angeles smog problem. Though Los Angeles has reduced its air pollution by nearly a third of what it was, it is still one of the nation worst air polluters. It has not met the Environmental Protection Agency’s acceptable levels of air pollutant. Photochemical smog is the main reason behind the air pollution in Los Angeles, but there are many parts of photochemical smog that make it so harmful. Photochemical smog develops from two main sources: sunlight and the emission from combustible engines. What are emitted from the incomplete combustion are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) and very fine particulate matter. When nitrogen oxide reacts with sunlight, it creates ground level ozone, O3. Ozone in the upper atmosphere does is very beneficial and shields us from ultra violet rays. At ground level, ozone can cause damage to the respiratory system and cardiac problems. Carbon monoxide binds to red blood cells and prevents them from absorbing oxygen and can stay in your system for days. VOC’s can be an eyes, noseShow MoreRelatedSources of Pollution and Their Effect1081 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution used to be a natural occurrence that had no major effects on the Earths inhabitants. Such instances were caused by forest fires, emission from the Earth, and volcanoes. It was not until humans discovered how to start and control fire that we started over polluting the planet. For many years cities have struggled through thick smog due to dense smoke emissions. Officials, like in Los Angeles, have tried to adopt multiple measures to combat the smog but the city, and the rest of theRead MoreLos Angeles Smog Issues2858 Words   |  12 PagesAir Quality Issues in Los Angeles Andrew Penn Humanities 120 Scott Meyers It is a beautiful, sunny morning, so your walk to work is something you are actually looking forward to today. After breakfast you get on your way and notice how truly warm it is, then you notice something else; your eyes are burning and you are struggling to gasp for another breath. Such is the life for the average Los Angeles resident. A city dominated by warm climate, show business, and extravagant lifestyles has beenRead MoreChina s Long Standing Battle Against Air Pollution2595 Words   |  11 PagesSmoggy sky: China’s long standing battle against air pollution Smog has been spreading rapidly in China since 2013 with an increased number of haze days, which seriously affected residents daily life. Smog as an environmental problem has become a major social concern and the government has promulgated a number of policies and governance strategies. In June 2013, the State Council carried on the ten air pollution control measures and strived to practice the code of conduct --- share breath andRead MoreSmog Pollution in Beijing Essay2602 Words   |  11 PagesSmog pollution in Beijing Smog pollution has been around since the start of industrialization, and there are many cities that suffer from its consequences. Among them, Beijing is singled out as the hotspot these days. In the past winter, an unprecedented amount of smog cloaked Beijing, filling the city with noxious air and causing convulsive coughing among the local residents. Not only does smog cause inconvenience in transportation by reducing visibility, but also, according to a study atRead MoreSmog Fighting Is A Real War Of Environment1159 Words   |  5 PagesTopic ï ¼Å¡Smog-fighting 1Abstract Smog-fighting is a real war of environment protection.The impact of smog on people’s living have been more and more deeply.The smog had became the biggest killer of our environment.So ,Smog-fighting is coming to all the public now . First we can find the real reasons to cause smog from the experts so that we can do something to reduce the pollution.Second,we can learn some experience from other cities; because It has been problem faced by many cities in the historyRead MoreEssay On Air Pollution1777 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Environment pollution is a wide reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human population is a great the systematic pollution of our environment is one of the biggest hazards that humanity faces today. Air is on of important element of earth which is compulsory for life. Air pollution may be described as contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid or solid wastes or by-products that can endanger human health and welfare of plantsRead MoreAir Pollution During The United States Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesProblem Since human’s activity, pollution becomes a big problem in the world. There are a lot of part of pollutions include water pollution, light pollution and air pollution. Air pollution is happened in our life. The United States is also a victim of air pollution. In 1943, Los Angeles photochemical smog event occurred. The whole of Los Angeles was covered with smoke. There are about 400 people died and a lot of fruits in orchards began to wither. Although the United States passed the Clean AirRead MoreEssay on World Population877 Words   |  4 Pagesscarce natural resources and the strain that a doubling in population will cause on food availability, people become more wary about population control. What is population control? Population Control is the practice of limiting population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate (www.wikipedia.org). The first country to adopt a population control policy was India, though that did not stop the country from passing the 1 billion mark. In 1952, 6.5 million rupees were made available to conductRead MoreThe Battle against Air Pollution2015 Words   |  8 Pagestips to prevent potential health problems caused by smog. The best way to stay isolated from pollutants is either staying indoors or wearing masks outdoor. Accordingly, outdoor activities, especially sports and exercise, are strongly not recommended. While staying indoor, residents could utilize green plants and humidifiers to absorb and precipitate harmful substances. There is also an interesting commercial phenomenon related to smog pollution. Many medical equipment manufacturers have introducedRead MoreIn America, Air Pollution Was An Insidious Problem That1486 Words   |  6 Pages air pollution was an insidious problem that became so great that the government had to step in and create laws in order to regulate human acti vity involving pollutants. Humans generate air pollution through the combustion of fossil fuels and wood, driving a motorized vehicle, and industrial processes, such as the smelting of heavy metals. Most air pollution exists in urban areas where heavy industries prevail. The Industrial Revolution in the late twentieth century caused air pollution to greatly

Essay on Gladiator - The Movie - 1131 Words

The main character of the movie ‘Gladiator’ is a poor teenager Tommy Railey. Tommy, a newcomer to a tough Chicago inner city high school, becomes a boxer to pay off his fathers gambling debts. At first he works in a dinner to earn money. Later he decides to fight for money so that he can pay off his father quickly. Although boxing is a dangerous sport, fighting helps keep him off the streets and out of violent gangs. It is also a way for Tommy to earn money, sublimate anger towards his absent father and numb the emotional pain of a broken home. Unluckily, Mr. Horn, a nefarious businessman exploiting hungry boxers like prize pigs for his illegal matches, controls Tommy. Consequently, enraged Tommy earns enough money and defeats Mr. Horn’ s†¦show more content†¦Crowds of men and women waging bets are all around the boxing platform. He is led to an underground locker room where he meets the recruiter who at last explains that the fight is not a regulated boxing match. It is more of a street fight in which the stronger man will could live. He also crosses paths with the gang members who are getting warmed up for their next fight. Angered by the uncertainty Tommy furiously Throws punches until he knocks down his opponent by the name of ‘ black death’. Judged by the way he hits his opponent it is easy to say that he had a stronger reason to fight. Enraged, bruised and scarred after the fight Tommy pleads for his hard earned money. He is promised to get it the following day. In the morning, the gang members ridicule Tommy pointing at his bruised face. His English teacher advises him to put his gift of wisdom to other use then boxing. Moreover, the girl that got Tommy the job at her parent’s dinner repeatedly tells him not to box anymore. Tommy acknowledges her concern and explains that it was one fight job, and now it is over. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The next day Tommy goes to collect his hard earned money at Mr. Horn’s gym. Mr. Horn gives him the promised money as well as an offer to fight for money. Tommy refuses the offer. Not happy with the answer he got, Mr. Horn sends out the recruiter after Tommy. Unwillingly Tommy is pushed into Mr. Horn’s office for final negotiations. Mr. Horn tells TommyShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Gladiator 917 Words   |  4 PagesIn the movie Gladiator, Russell Crowe plays a battle hardened Roman General who, through a series of unfortunate events, becomes a gladiator. He starts out on the front lines of a battle against barbarians. The war against them has been going on for some time however this is the final battle that will end the war. The battle rages and the Romans come out victorious. The Caesar then emerges and praises Maximus (Russell Crowe) for his leadership. The Caesar then asks him if he will become CaesarRead MoreMovie Analysis : Gladiator 1690 Words   |  7 PagesGladiator, released in 2000, is directed by Ridley Scott, and follows the revenge tale of Maximus. In the beginning, Maximus is a General in the Roman army, and he is very close to the emperor. Commodus, the emperor s son, becomes jealous of Maximus s fame and kills his family. Commodus then captures Maximus, strips him of all his power and fame, and forces him to become a gladiator slave. Throughout the movie, Maximus goes from being a very powerful individual to having no power at all. He attemptsRead MoreGladiator Movie Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesJeannie Hardy PHO 184B Professor Smith September 7, 2102 Chapter 1 Essay The film Gladiator is not only known for Russell Crowe’s Academy award winning performance, but it is also known for it’s camerawork and cinematography. This film has a considerable amount of blatant formalism, which director Ridley Scott uses to portray Maximus’ message. Camera angles are commonly used to distinguish power in a scene, most of the time by using low-angle or high-angle shot. These types of angels areRead MoreEssay on Movie Review of Gladiator the Movie803 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE: GLADIATOR PLOT: The story is about Maximus, one of the leading generals in the Roman army. He led the Romans to victory in a decisive battle with the Barbarians that ended a long war between them. This victory helped him gain trust and favour from the old Emperor Marcus Aurelius, which is now old and near his end. Emperor Aurelius wishes to appoint Maximus as the temporary leader of Rome, even though he has a son, Commodus. Commodus, being told by his father that he would not be the appointedRead MoreGladiator Movie. vs History1409 Words   |  6 Pagesactually cared about the citizens of Rome. The movie Gladiator portrays Roman life and the gladiatorial games. Really though, how does the movie compare to the history of the Roman Empire? I am really interested in the actual history of the gladiators and the movie is one of my favorites. That’s why I chose to do my review on it and I came to find out that the movie didn’t give me the information on the real life and times of the gladia tors. In the movie, after the death of the emperor, Maximus becomesRead MoreLeadership Style in the Movie Gladiator4901 Words   |  20 PagesGROUP PAPER/LEADERSHIP GLADIATOR, by Ridley Scott (2004) 1. INTRODUCTION Acting as observers in this case, we are reviewing the leadership from the perspective of the son of Caesar, Commodus. A man, with love lost. A man, without the desired virtues set by his Father. A man, without morals, as stated by his Father. A man, who competes for favor, trust, honor and value with an authentic leader like Maximus, someone whom has also had the love of Commodus Father and fails to connect with his followersRead MoreThe Gladiator The Movie Directed Ridley Scoot Bases A Story During The Ancient Roman Empire977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gladiator the movie directed Ridley Scoot bases a story during the ancient Roman Empire when the great philosopher and emperor of Rome was Marcus Aurelis. Who is portrayed in the begging of movie as very ill and on his last days, but still on the toe of his battles regarding his health. In the other hand his son and predecessor Commodus is not by his side to witness the battles instead his on safe grounds away from danger. Maximus His favored Commander of his army is out in the field riskingRead MoreGladiator, by Ridley Scott1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdoesn’t love a movie where the protagonist is off on a quest for revenge in numerous action sequences for his taste of sweet, sweet revenge? When breaking films into this type of category, one film that stands out among the rest has to be Gladiator. Gladiator can be argued as one of the greatest action movies of all time, and for good reasons. The soundtrack, dialogue, and characters have no equal in the revenge action category of film, and can be considered tops of pure action films. Gladiator is a perfectlyRead More Gladiator Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesGladiator There have been many sports movies made over the years. Some have been good, while others have been flops. Many sports movies have not been considered overall good movies simply because they were sports movies. I feel that one of the best and most overlooked sports movies of all time is the movie Gladiator. Gladiator is not only a good sports movie, but it is an all around good movie. Before we can call an all around movie a good movie, we must first define what a good movie isRead MoreIs The Film Pompeii An Accurate Representation Of Slavery During The Ancient Roman Era?1505 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent is the film Pompeii an accurate representation of slavery in the Ancient Roman era? The movie Pompeii produced in 2014, by Paul W.S Anderson, explores the idea of social hierarchy and the class distinctions along with giving a portrayal of the role of slaves within the Roman Empire. While the film does not go in depth on the many different forms of slavery, it does provide minor examples on certain slaves work, and the way they are treated. Slavery played an integral role in the

Business Model Archetypes-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Develop your understanding of the Business Model as a concept and how a theoretical understanding of Business Models can be used to explain value creation, value appropriation and/or the Innovation process at firms in real-life. Answer: In todays time, competition amongst businesses is at an all time high. Technology, innovation, better customer service have made organizations thriving for perfection in every field they touch. This is where the concept of business model comes in. It basically means how a company operates and functions in order to generate enough revenue and profits. The term business model has no fixed definition. In the late 1980s when more and more people started becoming acquainted to personal computers and felt that they could easily configure business revenues, prices, incomes and profits. A business model is a clear, concise way of picturing how a business operates(Hill, 2013). A business model does not necessarily need to be defined or written down when an organization is started. As with any business, growth and change in technology bring about a lot of changes in the way a business organization functions. Thus, the business model keeps on changing and evolving with time. By definition, the word archetype means a typical example of something. Therefore, an e-business archetype would mean a type or category of business defined by certain characteristics that are unique. There are three primary personalities that describe the fundamental interests and activities of every business (Cabage, 2013), namely trade, product and service. These can further be categorized into three sub-sets namely subscription, marketplace and brokerage. An activity in a business model can be defined as work done by the people in the organization to run the business. An activity system is thus a set of interdependent organizational activities centered on a focal firm, including those conducted by the focal firm, its partners, vendors or customers, etc.(Zott Amit, 2010). This activity system enables a business organization to create a better product or service, meet the demands of the consumer in a much better way and increasing profits. A business model can also act as cost-revenue architecture. Any business organization, even before coming into the business, strategizes on how they are going to be generating revenue while at the same time cutting back on manufacturing costs and yet providing quality product to the customer. Static and dynamic problems occur in any business organization. While static problems are simple and related to a single task, dynamic problems can be multifold and a bit more complicated as well as time consuming. Business models can be built in such a manner that they can guide and provide solutions to both static as well as dynamic problems. While static problems are simpler, less complicated and do not impact other activities within a business organization, dynamic problems are multi-fold. A dynamic problem can be described as a problem upon a problem upon a problem. In terms of computer technology, the terms tic and dynamic are applicable to a number of things. These include, websites, webpage and programming languages amongst others. Change is inevitable, be it business or any other aspect of ones life. In fact, many business gurus argue that businesses now face increased levels of dynamic change(Hutchins, 2012). With modern technologies spreading like wildfire, businesses need to upgrade themselves and how they work frequently. Due to advancement in technology, more and more businesses are seeing a change in their work processes, the technology and equipment utilized by them as well as the skill set of their workers. Gone are the days when businesses used to store all their information and documents in files and folders, fill out forms manually and could do away without using technology. In todays world every single business, be it a small scale factory or a multi-national company, every business organization has upgraded itself and equipped its workplace with machines and computers. In a world where information is so easily accessible and cut-throat competition at every level, a business cannot survive without upgrading itself in terms of technology usage. The Rise of Big Data In modern times, more and more companies are resorting to big data for increased efficiency in their workplace. Big data is changing the competitive landscape (Morgan, 2015). Big data can be defined as extremely large amounts of data collected by companies and business organizations which is then analyzed to discover customer behaviors, patterns and trends. These trends are then utilized by the company to provide better quality products to the customers, therefore, generating more revenue and profits. Big data is big business(O'Neill, 2016). We all know about the well known and famous coffeehouse Starbucks that has gained immense popularity in the past few years. It was founded by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in Seattle, Washington back in 1971. From then, the company has come a long way. In todays date, Starbucks has become one of the most famous coffee house chain and has a global presence. Starbucks' story is endlessly fascinating(Henricks, 2007). Starbucks utilizes big data analytics to determine locations for opening new stores. Starbucks acquires data from Atlas that is a mapping and BI platform developed by Esri. Esri (i.e Environmental Systems Research Institute) is a geographic information system (GIS) software company(Bamb, 2016). Using this software Starbucks can access statistics related to customer demographics, patterns of traffic in a region and population density amongst other information. This helps Starbucks in determining which locations would be best for opening new stores. All of this h as been possible due to the advent of advanced technology. It is evident and needless to say that a few decades ago, such strategies would have been non-existent and therefore, the business model of a coffee house would have been very basic as compared to that of Starbucks in the present times. The business model of any company is never a one-time or a fixed model. It is ever changing. Business models need to be upgraded or changed with passing times. A company successfully running its business in the present day cannot have the exact same business model it had years ago. Times change, so does technology; so should business models. In the year 1971, when Jerry, Zev and Gordon opened the first outlet of Starbucks, they did it out of their love for coffee and wanted to share the same with others. They probably did not even have a business model at the time. Their main focus was to sell coffee to people. Today, decades after the first outlet came into being, Starbucks has become one of the most popular success stories ever. Obviously, the company must have gone through enormous changes from time to time, to make sure they update themselves, their employees as well as their business model to not only stay in the market but to be one of the leading brands out there. One of the very unique things about Starbucks business model, which also provides it an edge over many other similar companies, is how they treat their employees. The business model of Starbucks requires its employees to be treated as partners instead of just workers. His gives immense advantage to the company as the employees are given as much attention as its customers. This is a very important step that most businesses miss out on. Employees are able to give just as must feedback as the customers. Most businesses do not feel the need to ask their employees about the drawbacks in their existing system and only focus on the customers. This also happens to be something very crucial to the functioning and flourishing of any organization and one that only the workers know about and can analyze and convey to their superiors. Apart from this, Starbucks has also been able to record and analyze peoples beverage drinking behaviors. From only serving coffee back in the 1970s to adding more and more items onto their menu, Starbucks has been changing itself to meet the demands of its customers. Starbucks also analyzed and noted that about 43 percent people who love drinking tea, skipped sugar altogether while at home. In response to this Starbucks came up with newer additions to their menu and launched unsweetened beverages. They also noticed that around 25 percent people do not like to add milk to their coffees at home. So they came up with unsweetened as well as sweetened black coffees with or without milk to cater to the needs of one and all. Slowly and steadily, Starbucks has become the customers favorite only because the company recorded and analyzed large amounts of data related to its customers drinking habits and beverage preferences and made changes to itself in order to be able to deliver to those nee ds. The one thing customers love about Starbucks is that there is something for everyone. Apart from that, customers also have the option of being able to customize their own drinks and beverages just as they do it in their own homes. This has helped them in bringing changes to their business model to better meet the demands of their customers. So, from a single storefront in Seattle to a global coffee phenomenon, the data-driven business strategy is the soul of this coffee company(Bamb, 2016). To sum it all up, it can be said that business models are what provide a direction to a company. This helps the company in performing its basic tasks such as manufacturing products, determining costs of production as well as generating revenue and profits. In addition to this business models need to be upgraded with time as change is the only constant. A business model is the backbone of any organization and therefore, it needs to be strong strategic and dynamic References Bamb, N. (2016, october 4). Starbucks, roasting data and brewing analytics! Retrieved august 19, 2017, from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/starbucks-roasting-data-brewing-analytics-nigrah-bamb Cabage, N. (2013, july 30). Business Model Archetypes. Retrieved august 19, 2017, from Mind the Product: https://www.mindtheproduct.com/2013/07/business-model-archetypes/ Hill, B. (2013). The Concept of a Business Model. Retrieved august 19, 2017, from Chron: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/concept-business-model-3866.html Hutchins, G. (2012, june 2012). Change is Inevitable. Retrieved august 19, 2017, from The Nature Of Business: In fact, many business gurus argue that businesses now face increased levels of dynamic change Morgan, L. (2015, may 5). Big Data: 6 Real-Life Business Cases. Retrieved august 19, 2017, from Information Week: https://www.informationweek.com/software/enterprise-applications/big-data-6-real-life-business-cases/d/d-id/1320590 O'Neill, E. (2016, september 23). 10 companies that are using big data. Retrieved august 19, 2017, from ICAS: https://www.icas.com/ca-today-news/10-companies-using-big-data Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business Model Design: An. Long Range Planning , 216-226.

Research Proposal on School Violence Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on School Violence Paper School violence is the physical, psychological or sexual abuse and all sorts of harm caused to students and teachers. School violence is the important and serious problem nowadays, because more and more students all over the world become victims of school violence. Generally, children can be hurt and abused by their classmates for different purposes and because of different reasons. For example, if the student studies well, his classmates envy him and do everything possible to reduce his prestige, to make him study worse, etc. Moreover, there is a problem with disabled students or the students who suffer from various psychological diseases or disorders and are not like the rest of students. Naturally, children do not like those ones who differ in something from the rest. As a result these students are abused in different ways. School violence is closely connected with street gangs, because some students are the members of these gangs and they hurt children at school stealing money or threaten children. The impact of school violence is extremely negative, because it causes psychological problems to the children who have been the victims of abuse. If a child faces the problem of violence, he will probably have low self-esteem, frequent depressions, stress, problems with sleeping and appetite. The phenomenon of school violence can be explained very easily: the children are bored and they have too much free time. If teachers simply make the educational process more intensive, the children would forget about violence and will not have time for such things. The topic of school violence is quite the urgent one because of the parents’ incompetence and lack of knowledge about the proper bringing up of their children. Parents do not pay attention to the preferences and interests of their children and as a result they become the source of school violence. A student who has chosen to research this topic in detail should be ready to spend much time on the process of data collection and analysis. One should prove that the topic is a serious one, explain the cause of the problem and its consequences and share the effective solutions with the professor. If the research proposal is a successful one and it has sense and logic, the student will be permitted to conduct great research on school violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on School Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on School Violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on School Violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to cope with research proposal writing one will have to take advantage of the Internet and free example research proposals on school violence prepared by the professional writers. The plus of such papers is big, because a student requires a good example to know how to write the assignment correctly. A free sample research proposal on school violence written by an expert will help one understand the rules of formatting and composition of the text. *** NOTE! As far as you know free sample research proposals and examples about School Violence are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on School Violence topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

The case study of a client the author met during her placement period in one of the NHS trust. The WritePass Journal

The case study of a client the author met during her placement period in one of the NHS trust. Introduction The case study of a client the author met during her placement period in one of the NHS trust. IntroductionREFERENCESAPPENDICES     APPENDIX 1  PERSONAL HYGIENEINTEVENTION/ACTIONEXPECTED OUTCOMEAPPENDIX 2  SLEEP PATTERNINTERVENTION/ACTIONEXPECTED OUTCOMESAPPENDIX 3  MEDICATIONINTERVENTION/ACTIONEXPECTED OUTCOMEAPPENDIX 4MOODINTERVENTION/ACTIONExpected outcomeAPPENDIX 5SUICIDEINTERVENTION/ACTIONExpected outcomeTo prevent further relapseAPPENDIX 6SECTION 3 MENTAL HEALTH ACT (1983)INTRVENTION/ACTIONExpected OutcomeAPPENDIX 7  OBSERVATIONSINTERVENTION/ACTIONEXPECTED OUTCOMEAPPENDIX 8LESSON PLANOBJECTIVES Related Introduction This essay is based on the case study of a client the author met during her placement period in one of the NHS trust. Confidentiality will be maintained to protect the clients sensitive data as stated under Data protection Act (1998). Therefore, a pseudo name will be used and hospital name withheld throughout the essay. This is in collaboration with NMC (2008) Code of Professional Conduct. The author will discuss about assessment strategies used by the team to assess the client. The essay will develop by identifying factors contributing to client mental health concerns and in addition the author will look at agreed care plans. Discussion on own contribution and those of others in implementing and evaluating agreed care plan actions will be revisited as well. The author will also reflect on mental health education and practice carried out with the client and his family. In conclusion the author will summarise the case study by reflecting on how she experienced the procedures of her tr eatment from assessment throughout to recovery plan. Richard (pseudo name), is a 20 year old white male who was admitted in one of the NHS acute wards in England under Section 3 of Mental Health Act (MHA, 1983). He is known to the service since the age of 13 and has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This was his sixth admission and he has been to a mental rehabilitation and recovery unit twice during his previous admissions and presently he is under care of Community Psychiatric Nurse (CPN). He is known to be escorted by police on all his hospital admissions. Richard grew up under the care of his mother who was single with different men coming in her house. She was unemployed and lived on benefits in a two bedroom council flat since Richard was two years. The area was crowded, multicultural with a high rate of drug, theft and violence crimes (UpMyStreet, 2011).   As he grew up, he played with friends raised from the same financial/economic and social background as his, in the Council Estate in which he resides. Drinking alcohol excessively and smoking any sort of cigarettes is common in his home and his neighbourhood. As a result Richard was easily influenced into excessive drinking and smoking. He began using the little money he was given by his mum to feed his habit. His friends smoked cannabis and all sorts of drugs and it did not take long for him also to join them in smoking it. According to Rausch and Young (1991, Pg 4) cannabis is â€Å"a depressant drug with hallucinogenic properties†.   This reality catches up with him as he increasingly gets accustomed to cannabis. Around the age of 14, he started using illicit drugs like Heroin and crack cocaine. According to Edlin and Golanty (2009, Pg 377) these drugs stimulates the nervous system. What this means is that when a person is under the influence of these drugs, even though it is a crime on its own, can easily go to the extreme of anything he/she is performing or have wrong judgements that may easily result into another crime. Richard had family history of Mental Health; both his grandparents died of Alzheimer’s Dementia. According to epidemiology studies people with family history of mental health have high risk of having mental health in future. Richard was admitted after the CPN and his mother were concerned about his behaviour, for example, walking naked around the house; not attending to his personal care; very withdrawal; laughing inappropriately; low moods; responding to voices and not taking his prescribed medication. They tried to bring him into Hospital informally but he refused as he had no insight into his condition, therefore, CPN informed the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) who then arranged for mental health assessment and brought him formally under section 3 of Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA 1983). On admission, he was under influence of drugs and was not able to stand properly; therefore, he sat on a wheelchair to avoid risk of falling. He looked untidy with long uncombed hair, wearing dirty clothes and appeared to be in need of using the toilet. The author and other nurse took him to the toilet/bathroom and were able to get the urine sample which was sent for test and confirmed that illicit drugs were present. Whilst in the bathroom, he was assisted to have a bath and get changed into clean clothes. This also gave the author and other nurse opportunity to do Body map. He was responding to both visual and auditory voices. He could not maintain eye contact. Every time staff looked at him he puts his head down. During body map, it was found that his fingers and toes appeared purple with wounds. This was documented on Body Map Form (See Appendix 10a). The nurse said that the type of wounds is common to people who inject themselves with drugs. However, he sat on a scale to weigh him and his height taken as per assessment procedure. His weight was 48kg and height 1.78m (See Appendix 10b). According to Body Mass Index (BMI) Richard was 15.1 under weight. Understanding this from his lifestyle, it appears that he was living on a poor diet because most of his money went towards drugs instead of food, clothing and toiletries. Vital signs such as Blood Pressure, Temperature, and Pulse were taken and recorded (See Appendix 10c).   Night Staff reported that Richard becomes restless during the night asking to leave hospital. On doing this he turns to be aggressive presenting with threatening manners. Richard was reminded that he was under section 3 (MHA 1983) and nurses read his rights for him to rem ind him that he was not able to leave the ward without section 17 which requires Consultant’s approval (See Appendix 10d for patient’s rights). All these behaviour according to Patrice (1994) are drugs unforeseen effects. Through involvement with the Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT), the author got an opportunity to participate in the assessment, for Richard’s needs, planning of his care, implementation and evaluation of the planned interventions. According to Ward (1992) assessment is a form that the nursing team use to measure what clients can do independently and their coping strategies. Walsh and Kent (2001 Pg 140) argued that assessment is about looking at a â€Å"patient as a whole† that is â€Å"physically, socially, biologically and psychologically†. During the assessment different assessment tools, approaches, observation techniques were used by different members of the team depending with their conceptual frameworks or models of practice. The team was comprised of the Author, Psychiatric Doctor, Physiotherapist, Occupational Therapist, Registered Nurse, Psychologist etc. However, all these were to fulfil holistic nursing care. Schultz and Vibeck (2002) views assessment as the initial step carried out during first stage of admission. Care Program Approach (CPA 1991) was used to assess Richard. According to The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (2000), CPA has a goal-achieving feature. It gives an efficient framework for a coordinated care provision and resource allocation. In this, a patient is allocated a key worker; a detailed assessment to each client’s needs is clearly stated and the client is involved in the recovery plan. However, interview was done, which involved Richard and his mother. They were assessed on their needs, for example housing, finance, physical and mental health status, past and current medication, education, sleep pattern and coping strategies. During the interview the author and other team members maximised their knowledge and skills, especially communication skill. According to Porritt (1984, Pg 3) communication is the main way by which human beings interact and can be view ed as a social process. It was witnessed that Richard was hallucinating; had paranoid ideas; restless; confused at times; presenting flat moods. He was denying to what was taking place at the same time avoiding eye contact and crying. All these were influenced by drugs he took.   Ross (2001) describes this as common to people who are depressed. The team was highly experienced and understood how to deal with these factors that might impinge assessment. Active listening skills were brought into use, for example: reflecting everything Richard had said and clarifying   with him; at other times paraphrasing and also asking him to summaries; speaking simple, clear and straight forward without use of jargon (Porritt, 1984). Good distance from him and sitting posture was maintained professionally for him to feel relaxed and engaged into the discussion (Egan, 2002).   When talking, they squarely faced him, with open gestures and smiling. Suitable questioning strategies were utilized, for example, open and close ended questions. One example of this type of questions he was asked was as follows: â€Å"What is your daily routine?† However, the author/student had limitations and boundaries to work on, therefore, during interview the doctor was asking questions and the author was documenting the answers on assessment form inst ead of asking questions as well. She had to maintain that and maximise understanding, acquiring skills and knowledge. According to McGuire and Priestly (1985, Pg7) â€Å"a knowledge of your own limit immense great benefit in itself and may be indispensable for solving some kinds of problems†. Literacy and numeracy skills were involved in the process when calculating points scored and lay down in a form of a scale. These were documented on assessment forms and the author’s mentor double checked to assess if they were well completed to the standard. These were to meet the NMC Code of Professional Conduct on documentation and record keeping (2008). It was concluded that the trigger for all His problems was substance misuse; therefore, he was referred to Drug Clinic for detoxification and was to be prescribed methadone depending on the level of drugs in the blood. Stopping drugs completely could result in death by acute causes ((Prof ) Jones,   2004).   Mirtazepine 15mg once daily, Zopiclone 7,5mg once at night and paracetamol 500mg three times daily was prescribed. Risk assessment was carried out using Threshold Assessment Grid Tool (TAG see Appendix 10e). According to DOH (2002), this tool assesses client potential risk to him or others, that is, looking at clients past history of violence; self harm or others; patient social network and neglect. TAG simply assesses the severity of service user’s mental health problems (Slade, 2000). It was noticed that Richard was at risk of blood transported diseases, for example, HIV and Hepatitis. Blood test was done and Richard was informed that the results were negative.   Advice was given that the blood test will be repeated again after six months as HIV studies refer this period of months as window period. Level three observations commenced, where the staff had to monitor him on one to one. Close monitoring was important on Richard because he was depressed and was on antidepressant medication, therefore, suicidal thoughts were most likely to affect him (Carolyn et al, 2008). Care planning is one of the requirements of CPA. According to Hogston and Simpsons (2002), care planning is a process that provides a â€Å"road map† to guide everyone involved with patients’ care. Richard and his mother participated in planning.   According toSeaback (2006) patient involvement make them feel empowered, valued and committed to goals sat out. However, Maslow Hierarchy of needs triangle indicates that basic, low level needs should be satisfied first. Following this triangle, needs to be met were housing, weight building, job, personal hygiene, sleeping pattern, compliance with medication and dealing with suicidal thoughts. Due to word limit of this assignment, three of these will be discussed and others written in appendix (1 to 9). Since the problem was triggered by substance misuse, this can be viewed as the umbrella of all other needs, thereby makes health promotion the top priority. A health promotion care plan was devised involving Richard and his mother. This was done according to DOH (2004) that, the care plan is to be individualised and tailored to meet each client’s needs . It involved educating Richard about his illness and researches about substance misuse. Richard and his mother agreed that he was going to attend Drug- Misuse-Team clinic to get more help on detoxification and how to quit drugs. Therefore, a referral was sent to Drug-Misuse -Team, who came to assess and take him on board. The author sort consent from the mentor (Richard’s key worker) to work collaboratively with them in order to achieve this assignment and get insight into planning and delivering a teaching session on substance misuse. According to Body Mass Index, Richard was under weight therefore, food and fluid chart were put out to record the intake (See Appendix 10f). Whitney and Rolfes (2008, Pg 579) suggest that, the prolonged use of drugs causes dehydration, loss of appetite which result in loss of weight which can lead to malnutrition and swallowing problems. Staff members were informed and communication book completed to make sure Richard has adequate diet and fluid. Weight chart was put in place for him to be weighed weekly (See Appendix 10g). Dietician was contacted to come and give advice on which foods to offer Richard. She came and carried out assessment with Richard and advised staff to offer him soft diet as he was likely to have problems with swallowing (Whitney and Rolfes, 2008). This was to be reviewed weekly during Multi-disciplinary Meetings. Food supplements in the form of fort sip, fort cream and Calogen were prescribed; this was in line with Stanfield and Hui (2009) who notes that these fo od supplements help building the body but they must be taken alongside with meal not as a substitute. To meet his social needs Richard agreed to work collaboratively with the Social Worker who planned to find accommodation in a different area from his friends. His care co-ordinator was to monitor him effectively whilst at home to prevent further relapse and discouraging him to associate with friends who abuse drugs. Welfare state benefits began to be processed whilst he was still in hospital. In the care plan Richard agreed to go back to college in order to achieve his goals because he wanted to find a job. According to Radomski and Latham (2007), education is the primary goal to dysfunctional people as it increase their self esteem, work experience, outdoor activities and prevent risk of exclusion. He also agreed to take some voluntary work whilst he was still in hospital and Occupational Therapist (OT) was to come and collect him twice weekly as soon as he was ready to start. During his community activities the consultant completed Section 17 Mental Health Act (1983) which was ther e to allow Richard to go outside the ward for four hours a day. These care plans were to be monitored daily and evaluated every now and then as Richard progressed. Within six weeks after admission, changes began to be noticed on his behaviour and appearance. Reflecting to progress, he began to put weight which proved that the supplements were working, therefore, weight care plan was changed from weekly weight to fortnightly. However, food and diet chart continued as it was still important to find out how much he eats and drink. The food supplements were discontinued after the Dietician’s assessment in which it was reported that he was progressing well and proper diet was encouraged. In the process, he was maximising the use of gym to build up his muscles. Evidence in progress was witnessed when he began to use his own initiative to attend to his personal needs independently; therefore, his care plan pertaining to personal hygiene was reviewed and reduced to supervision. The Social Worker got him an apartment that was close to his mother and his benefits were processed. He began receiving weekly payments which he collected accompanied by staff. He was able to buy his toiletries, clothes and other foods preferred. When Richard started activities with OTs improvement on his capability and potential to do things better was witnessed. Initially, he required a wheelchair when going out because he was assessed as weak and at risk of falls, however, this was discontinued and a wheelchair was no longer needed to mobilise him. Richard was advised to increase his activities as he enjoyed participating. He got a place at the local college to study carpentry. His medication was reviewed and changed; Zopliclone and Paracetamol were to be given as per his request (PRN) because he was sleeping well at night and no more headaches as before. The author also reported progress on teaching session conducted with Richard as presented in the later part of this assignment. Analysing the introduction of receiving benefits weekly while in hospital, Staff members witnessed some incidences (although few) were service users smuggle drugs into hospital. Giving Richard money appeared to be a risk because he might use it for buying drugs. However, this was an issue dealt with in advance, in the Criminal Law Review (1992) Police have right to stop and search anyone in possession of controlled drugs under Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 which also gives hospital staff same powers to do stop and search to detained patients. Therefore, the stop and search use to be conducted by staff and police once every now and then and all drugs, alcohol, dangerous weapons found were to be confiscated. However, the reason for stop and search was always explained to patients to avoid breaking the therapeutic relationship between client and nurses which is build upon trust, respect, genuineness and empathy. On substance misuse care plan, all staff had a responsibility to educate Richard on health promotion. The author working collaboratively with the mentor planned the teaching sessions which focused on developing an understanding for Richard and family that drugs are detrimental to their health. The author put together session plan (see appendix 8). At this point the greatest dilemma was that, the author had no experience in teaching sessions of this nature. However, support was available from the mentor when needed Blais (2002) views teaching as a system of activities whereby learning occurs. Hinchcliffe (2005, Pg 63) added that, â€Å"learning is any event that brings about relatively permanent change in behaviour resulting from either experience or practice†. To achieve a meaningful session the author usually began by defining the purpose of the lesson to the group. Each and every individual were given chance to participate, contribute and criticise the session. Information   for teaching was gathered through current research, evidence based practice ideas,   clients experience and   other professionals as recommended by NMC Code of Professional Conduct (2008) that, one â€Å"has to keep his/her knowledge and skills up to date and deliver care based on current evidence†. According to Jarvis and Gibson (2001) rehearsing helps develop confidence and reduce nervousness, therefore, rehearsals were done with the mentor before the final session. This helped to boost confidence a nd to correct and polish work before presenting it to Richard and group. In implementing the teaching session, the author used the activist strategy, according to Nicklin and Kenworth (2000) this is a teaching theory that allows clients perform more activities to motivate themselves and enjoy the learning experience. These activities were group work that includes discussion, listing substances and identifying relapse signatures. To make this teaching theory effective some resources were used, for example, flip charts, simplified diagrams and video clips. All these helped to draw attention as some realised that the symptoms they were experiencing were similar to what they saw on the teaching resources. They responded by answering each other’s questions. This proved that they were listening to teaching session. At some point they debate which made the session more enjoyable.   Use of leaflets was avoided in the session because most of them including Richard got a lot of leaflet information teachings from drug misuse clinic. During the session, the author had to use skills such as maintaining the tone of average voice because lowering it was going to give wrong signal to clients that information given was questionable. Raising the voice could be associated with threatening manner or shouting (Porritt, 1984). Listening was a skill used a lot to attract clients into discussion. In doing this, the author avoided repetition of phrases; hesitation; was facing them and maintained eye contact in order to communicate effectively without reading from the script (Egan, 2002). At the beginning of the lesson, the author advised clients to maintain confidentiality in case some clients disclosed important information and at the same time encouraged them to maintain respect and dignity in line with NMC code of Professional Conduct (2008). An evaluation tool (see appendix 9) was designed by the author to get feedback from Richard and group. Some expressed that too much material was used, for example, flip chart and handouts. Some pointed out that they could not keep in memory words used especially in flipcharts. Few of them believed that drugs have no effect on mental health despite all education they got; they still believed mental health comes like any other disease, for example, diabetes. Generally, most were good comments such as â€Å"It was informative, well taught, the session was well timed and of good length, the teaching was helpful in personal life, the session reflected real experience in life, etc†. According to authors’ work experience and opinion, giving up drugs is up to individuals not what clients are told. With the view of hospitals, there is a number of health care professionals who smoke cigarettes but they are quite aware of the effects. Mcdowell and Spitz (1999) argued that people give up on their own will as the substance misuse cycle is like any other recovery cycle and that varies depending on individuals. Reflecting to the whole case study, the author was impressed to see what she knew in theory put in practice, for example, individualised care. Hinchcliff (2005) argued that reflection is the way in which everyone revisits the events that happened and how these could have been done differently.   Therefore, the author hereby suggests that Richard would not have relapsed if the government’s welfare state system was fit for purpose. Evidence in the text shows that Richard grew up and lived in a community associated with poverty and social exclusion. It was also mentioned that the Social worker got an apartment for him in a better area. This means that the state is failing other places by inadequately supporting them. After detoxification the social input offered to Richard were sufficient enough to avoid his admission into hospital. That kind of social input and support was suppose to be given to Richard from birth to present. In short prevention is better than cure. Furthermor e, it is encouraging that Richard and family were involved in all aspects of care. Richard was able to take a lead which was useful because it encouraged him to work toward his goal. The only skill to endeavour apart from what the team used so far is Focus Solution Therapy (Simon and Nelson, 2007) as it also encourages clients to focus on their goals instead of the problem. Richard remained in hospital. REFERENCES Blais K (2002) Professional Nursing Practice: concepts and perspectives; Prentice Care Program Approach (1991) Department of Health 1090; Relapsing or Recovery: England Carol C.G, Baldwin R, Burns A (2008) Integrated Management of Depression in Elderly: Cambridge University Press Data Protection Act (1998) Department of Health: Record Management, The stationary office Department of Health (2002) Department of Health, Best practice in Risk Assessment: The stationary Office Department of Health (2004) The NHS Improvement Plan: putting people at the heart of public service: The stationary office. Edlin G, Golanty E (2009) Health and Wellness: Jones and Burtlett Learning Egan, G. (2002) The Skilled Helper a problem management approach to helping’. Brooks Cole Hinchcliffe, S. (2005) the Practitioner as a Teacher. 3rd Edition. The fractioned as a teacher. London, Churchill Livingstone. Hogston R and Simpson (2002) Foundation in Mental Health Practice. New York: Macmillan Jarvis, P. and Gibson, S. (2001) the Teacher Practitioner and Mentor: in Nursing, Midwifery, Health Visiting and Social Services, 2nd Edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thorns Ltd. Jones R (Prof)(2004) Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care; Volume 2: Oxford University Press. Mcdowell. D. M, and Spitz, H. I, (1999) Substance Abuse from Principles to Practice, London, Brunner / Mazel. Mental Health Act (1983) Department of Health: Acts and Bills, England McGuire J, Priestly P (1985) Offending behaviour: Skill and stratagems for going straight; Batsford Academic and Education Nicklin, P.J. and Kenworth, N. (2000) Teaching and Assessing in Nursing Practice: An Experimental approach 3rd Edition. London: Brailliere Tindall. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008). Code of Professional Conduct: Standard for Conduct, Performance and Ethics, London: NMC Patrice G (1994) An Introduction to pychology: Routledge Porritt L (1984) Communication: choices for nurses; Churchill Livingstone Seaback W. (2006) Nursing Process Concepts and Application 2nd ed London: Delmer, T. Learning. Schultz, M and Videbeck H (2002) Manual of psychiatric Care Plans Philadelphia: Lippincott Simon, J. K and Nelson, T. S. (2007). Solution-focused brief practice with long-term clients in mental health services: Im more than my label. New York: Taylor Francis Slade, M. (2000) What outcomes to measure in routine mental health services, and how to assess them – a systematic review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 743 -753 Stanfield P, Hui Y. H (2009) Nutrition and Diet Therapy: Self-Instructional Approaches: Jones and Bartlet Learning Radomski M. V, Latham C. A. T (2007) Occupational Therapy for Physical dysfunction: Lippincott William and wilskins Rausch S, Young M (1991) Be a Winner: an educational programme to prevent drug abuse: University of Arkansas Press Ross A.J (2001) Coping when a parent is Mental ill: The Rosen Publishing Group The Criminal Law Review (1992) Law: Sweet and Maxwell The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (2000) Care Program Approach (Available at); http://sainsburycentre.org.uk(Accessed on 25April 2011) UpMyStreet (2011)B70 house prices, property crime rate, local neighbourhood and schools (Available at); upmystreet.com/b70.html (Accessed on 25 April 2011) Ward M. F (1992) The Nursing Process in Psychiatry: Churchill Livingstone Whitney E.N, Rofles S.R (2008 Pg 579) Understanding Nutrition: Cengage Learning; Hampshire APPENDICES      Appendices provided here are:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appendix 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Personal Hygiene- care plan Appendix 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleep- care plan Appendix 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medication-care plan Appendix 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mood- care plan Appendix 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Suicide-care plan Appendix 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Section 3 Mental Health Act- care plan Appendix 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Observation –care plan Appendix 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lesson plan Appendix 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluation Tool Appendix 10a  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body Map- Assessment Tool Appendix 10b  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body Index- Assessment Tool Appendix 10c  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vital Signs- Assessment Tool Appendix 10d  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Section 3 Mental Health Act (1983) Patient’s Rights Appendix 10e  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Threshold Assessment Grid- Assessment Tool Appendix 10f  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Food and fluid Charts- Assessment Tool Appendix 10g  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weight Chart- Assessment Tool Where information is deleted or omitted is done deliberately to protect confidentiality of the source APPENDIX 1   PERSONAL HYGIENE INTEVENTION/ACTION 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard to be assisted by one staff with his personal hygiene needs daily. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staff to encourage him to use preferable deodorant. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staff to encourage him to wear clean clothes daily. 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staff to encourage him to shave every now and then. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staff to encourage him to brush his teeth and comb his hair daily when attending to his personal hygiene needs. EXPECTED OUTCOME 1 For Richard to be able to attend to his personal hygiene needs independently. 2 For Richard to look presentable all times. 3 For Richard to continue practising this skill when discharged. APPENDIX 2   SLEEP PATTERN INTERVENTION/ACTION 1   Richard to be commenced on sleep chart to monitor his sleep pattern. 2 Staff to offer him warm milk drinks before bedtime to help him sleep, but avoid caffeinated drinks 3 Staff to offer him warm bath priory to bed. 4 Staff to keep him occupied with activities during the day and discourages him to sleep until evening. 5 Staff to monitor any side effect of his current medication to his sleep pattern. EXPECTED OUTCOMES 1 For Richard to have long sleep hours. APPENDIX 3   MEDICATION INTERVENTION/ACTION 2 Richard to take all his prescribed medication. 3 Staff to educate him on importance of taking medication. 4 Staff to educate him on his prescribed medication. 5 Richard to discuss with the Doctors on other routes if he does not want oral medication. 6   Staff to monitor concordance with medication and observe for side effects and therapeutic effects. EXPECTED OUTCOME 1 For Richard to have knowledge on his prescribed medication. 2 To maintain recovery. 3   To prevent further relapse APPENDIX 4 MOOD INTERVENTION/ACTION 1   Staff to have one to one session with Richard once daily. 2   Staff to monitor his mood and document daily. 3 Staff to encourage him to participate in ward activities. 4 Staff to encourage him to interact with fellow peers. 5   Staff to use de-escalation skills when Richard becomes aggressive, restless or when he ask to leave. 6   Staff to use lock door policy when Richard threatens to leave the ward, document the incident and then inform the doctors. Expected outcome 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For Richard to be able to ventilate his feelings and thought to staff. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For Richard to be able to interact with fellow peers and staff. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To maintain his safety and others APPENDIX 5 SUICIDE INTERVENTION/ACTION Staff to monitor Richard on one to one observations Staff to monitor side effects of depressant medication Staff to educate him on depressant medication Team to review his medication regularly Richard to have psychologist input To be referred to Therapy and Recovery Unit for CBT and Relaxation Expected outcomeTo prevent further relapse To prevent suicide or harm risk To help Richard achieve optimal function Richard to recover and maintain   treatment APPENDIX 6 SECTION 3 MENTAL HEALTH ACT (1983) INTRVENTION/ACTION Staff to read Richard’s right to him Staff to give him medication as prescribed Staff to inform him on lock door policy and observation levels Richard to have a signed Section 17 when he wants to go outside the ward. For the care plan to be reviewed weekly by the team. Mental Health Coordinator to be informed of Richard section status as well as family Expected Outcome For Richard to be able to understand his rights For Richard to follow the section guideline at all times For Richard to be in a position to get support and guidance in appealing if they is a need. APPENDIX 7   OBSERVATIONS INTERVENTION/ACTION Staff to maintain Richard’s observation level Staff to increase observation level if appropriate Staff to record appropriate observation Staff to inform MDM of any change as appropriate No one should observe for longer than two hours at any one time EXPECTED OUTCOME Staff to provide information for ongoing behavioural and risk assessment including specific behaviours and triggers Staff to monitor all changes in behaviour Staff to enhance the safety of Richard’s behaviour at risk including: suicide attempts;   harm to others; self injury; risk of absconding and   potential risk of neglect APPENDIX 8 LESSON PLAN TOPIC: Substance Misuse and Mental Health Target audience: Patients, Staff, Family Date: 20 / 05 / 2010  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time: 14.00 hrs Venue: Meeting Room  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Expected Duration: 1Hour OBJECTIVES To enable clients to: a) Understand what the meaning of the terms â€Å"substance misuse†. b) Understand the difference between the benefits of prescribed medication and the intoxication of illicit drugs c) List the different types of substances likely to be abused d) Discuss the effects of substance misuse on mental health e)   Identify their own relapse signatures f) Identify ways of getting help. TEACHING RESOURCES  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ACTIVITIES Handouts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discussion Flip Charts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Group Work Overhead projector  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   watching a Video Television and video player  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lesson Evaluation Video tape APPENDIX 9    EVALUATION TOOL Circle the appropriate answer 1) Objectives clear.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes / No 2) The teaching material was useful.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes/ No 3) The teaching material was easy to understand.     Ã‚  Yes / No 4) Discussions and group activities were useful.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes / No 5) The language used was easy to understand.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes / No 6) The presenter was speaking clearly.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes / No 7) The subject well researched.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes / No 8) The subject brought new things I did not know.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes / No

Essay on Women and Men in the US

Essay on Women and Men in the US Essay on Women and Men in the US Example essay: Major issues facing women and men in the U.S. today There are very many issues that are facing both men and women in the U.s today. The effects are far reaching although others do not have very significant outcomes. Gender disparity is mong the major issues that are known to affect people in the U.S. The population in the United States has been established to be having many women than men. However, this is not depicted in the public area. The Supreme Court for instance has a higher male population than women. The country? presidents from Regan to Obama have tried to eliminate this disparity by making special appointments of females judges into the Supreme Court. Another issue that is facing men and women in the U.S is the one that pertains to abortion. Facts, information and statistics about abortion and pregnancy in the U.S place a lot of evidence on teens being the most affected. There have been increased cases of sexual assault, rape, prostitution and domestic violence. In one way or another, either a man or a woman is being victimized. In many occasions, it is women who fall victim due to the notion by the society that they are a weaker sex. There are facts, statistics and stories that surround abuse and survival together with the appropriate ways that can be adopted to reduce these forms of abuse. In all creations, all people seek for love and intimacy. Yet, it is becoming evident that neither of them is a certain thing. People are different; some seek for soothe and stability while others have the desire for excitement and experimentation. As humans, we may know one another, but it is also a fact that it takes two to tangle. Currently, the issues that pertain to women? reproductive rights and the diverse forms of contraception are widely and legally accessible to all women in the U.S. Other issues that have been seen to affect people in the U.S are those that are linked to pay equity, healthcare, and leadership, feeding habits, obesity and citizenship. All these factors have a way in which they affect the people. What is important though is how the society approaches and tries to find solutions towards solving them in a more amicable manner. I would say that there are many problems that face men and women in the United States just like any other country of the world whether developed or not developed. In comparison to the less developed countries and more specifically those that are non-democratic, America is more dwarfed in the way her people are faced with the problems. Some of the problems are as a result of the religious doctrines that permeate abuse and pose subservient regulations on those who are linked to social problems. Sometimes, it becomes very hard to contemplate on the traditional, feminist issues and think of obtaining a female president in the U.S unless more women and men start cherishing diplomacy endowed with more actions and soft power. Such issues can also be overcome if more women get involved in business activities and political positions so that their voices, votes and plans can be felt. An opinion I have held over time now is that gender issues will always continue to be factors in social interactions. This is due to the loopholes that the society has allowed to prevail. For instance, the feminist issues that are still being talked about in the current society are majorly applicable to those who are aware and relish freedom. It is also appropriate for those who want a gentler and comfortable society. Although the U.S is in pursuit of these key factors, it is none the less faced with issues of gender disparity and discrimination. To make sure that gender issues are eliminated, then it is imperative that all of us exert positive influences that will terminate the undercutting on one another. It is also very vital that the society learns to have faith on one another. It should also develop an innate belief in the ability of women to lead in a diligent way. The society should also make sure that it rises up an entity and extends its hand throughout the aspects of develo pment in the spirit of change that will impact positively on the lives of our sisters, not only in the United States but also to the rest of the world. At you can easily buy essay online on Women and Men related topics. Our custom essay writing company will help with writing your essay, term paper or research paper on any topic.

Education Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education Paper - Essay Example In Germany, while the states have the major control, a national coordinating agency keeps a check and ensures a high degree of comparability between the states. In the United States the major control and financial support falls under the jurisdiction of the state and local governments. In Japan, even though the centre has control, the teachers and the school districts are allowed to develop their own curricula as long as they are within the prescribed guidelines (Stevenson & Nerison-Low, n.d). The Japanese curriculum has a balance between academic and non-academic subjects, but they ensure that at least a third of the time at school is spent on subjects such as music, arts and crafts, homemaking, physical education, and special activities such as school clubs. Many elementary schools have their own standard of grading their students. Attendance at high school is not compulsory in Japan. In high school, students are separated into academic and vocational tracks in Japan. The teachers believe that their goal of instruction is exposure and not mastery. In Japan about 175 school periods per year are spent on the Japanese language and about 105 periods each for math’s and science. In Germany, the curriculum guidelines within each state provide a uniform basis for instruction. The guidelines include the content, learning objectives, and instructional periods required of each type of school. In Germany the greatest number of instructional periods is spent in learning the German language and mathematics. Sciences, math’s and language studies take up 27 hours of a total of 40 instructional hours per week (Stevenson & Nerison-Low, n.d). Teachers in Germany have the option to revise and supplement the content of the curriculum depending upon the socio-economic and cultural background of each student. The German educational system is divided into distinct levels (Hyperstudy, 2007). Elementary school is called Grundschule and is preceded by voluntary